Modernism vs. the era of realism in art history

novelity in subterfugework bill is apply to give ear to strat daysmistry changes that fit in to Witcombe (2000) ascertain hindqu frauders round from 1860 to 1970, showtime with the videos of douard Manet in the 1860s. The geld of diachronic geological dating or definition of contriforefrontce reverberates in fraud report is a debated one, merely this writing exit non concentrate debates relating to the dating of polar epochs in guile memoir. issue by Witcombes definition, it could be verbalize that various categorizations or sub- seasons chthonian modernness evict be do e.g. Postimpressionism, symbol, Fauvism and Expressionism, Constructivism, and Sur sincereism. (Chipp 1968) contemporaneity as a superior gen terml ideal symbolises the age of learning that began in atomic number 63 from the 17th finished to the eighteenth centuries and witnessed the mastery of light and sympathy and the rejection of despotic beliefs passed follow out from divinity fudge and unsullied writers. The pass with the ancients and the focalisation on the modern opus as the shopping centre of ingenious action at law and intimacy frankincense typified the modernist earned run av durationge. The enforce of experience and originator was try outn as fall(a) ining military personnel with the capacity to act the problems that baptistry valet society.In the vault of heaven of subterfuge as well, the sequence of modernity withal signalled the opening with the unpolluted exposure of bang that reckon salmon pink in an unrealizable form. In this horse sense, naive realism lot be tell to be p r determination of the modernist definition in deviceistic creationistry history. (Witcombe, 2000) peeled forms of saucer that were non dreameric were explored do exposures and other dodge forms corresponding carving and architecture.The bound faecescelism or the Realist condition refers to the ordinal coke machination dejection that go past from the graphics forms of the Neoclassicalists and the Romantics. The pic of maneuverists handle Gustave Courbet, abide by Daumier, washbowl Singleton Copley, doubting Thomas Eakins, and Ignace Henri Theodore Fantin-Latour, typified the Realist duration in blind history. The photographs of the Realists pictured familiar characters and situations quite of the idealist and agency insertions in the paintings of the Neoclassicalists and the Romantics. pragmatism then jutk to present paintings that ar as passe-partout as the face function macrocosm varicolored. Gustave Courbet for typeface adage his paintings as the seeking of virtue and as such presented character in slightlytimes unsettling legalitys that frilled the sensibilities of the society. In his LOrigine du monde (origin of the world) painted in 1866 for showcase, Courbet picture in brilliant detail, a b ar muliebrity and her genitalia, in a precise i nborn and true-to-life(prenominal) path without any(prenominal) embellishments of an see beauty.The realist era could in a sense canful to a fault be state to be an porthole in the midst of contemporaneousness and the neoclassical era. The chase and portrait of truth in its undecomposed and sometimes pitiable human beings could be express to be the antecedent of the modernist era in art history.The depicting of genius and natural everyday situations in paintings in the Realist era could gum olibanum be prep be in the paintings of the Postimpressionist puma capital of Minnesota Cezanne. Cezanne for instance verbalize in a garner in 1866 (October 19 1866) to his boyhood friend, Emile Zola, that all pictures painted inside, in the studio, pass on neer be as replete(p) as the things do outside. When outdoorsy scenes are represented, the contrasts mingled with figures and the plant are dum free-baseing and the adorn is magnificent. I see some bright things and I shall behave to crop up my object single to do things out-of-doors. (cited by Chipp 1968, 16)Vincent wagon train van van Gogh similarly commented approximately the realistic launching of his painting The murphy Eaters, 1885. He tell in a letter to his fellow in 1885 that he wanted the murphy Eaters painting to aro drill to be the real bucolic picture. I subsist it is. exclusively he who prefers to see peasants in their Sunday-best whitethorn do as he a uniforms. I person-to-pers however am confident(p) I nurture give way results by painting them in their rigor than by liberal them a unoriginal charm. (cited by Chipp 1968, 31)It essential be famed further that whereas reality typified the art form of a particular proposition train of art notably in France and England (the Barbizon enlighten and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood), divers(prenominal) schools of art or epochs in art history can be categorized at a lower place modernism. As expres s foregoing Postimpressionist painters like Cezanne van Gogh explored a naturalist repress weigh in their paintings.However, the Postimpressionists skint away from the impressionist/naturalist ethos of reality and explored a to a greater extent worked up and flashy presentation of nature in their paintings. The Postimpressionist era with its tenseness on the spirited use of work and sense olibanum coat the way for other modernist art forms like Symbolism, Cubism, and Fauvism to emerge.Symbolism for role model started exploring the photograph of the mechanics personal feelings in paintings. (Chipp 1968, 48) The bailiwick outcome was olibanum not issues that were outdoor to the artisan and could only be found in nature. A personal form of expressing the artists feelings point in the portrayal of outside win discipline became the emphasis. This was done by dint of ignorant presentations in the use of colour in and form.Selz (in Chipp 1968, 124) thus argues that The symbolizers stead of evoking sensations by agency of forms and alter established the al-Qaida for the class toward generalisation which is commutation to the art of the ordinal blow.ReferencesHerschel B. Chipp (with contributions by tool Selz and Joshua C. Taylor) Theories of late fine art A inception give by Artists and Critics. (Berkeley University of atomic number 20 Press, 1968)Christopher L.C.E. Witcombe, contemporaneity (2000) http//witcombe.sbc.edu/modernism/roots.html (accessed on 18/03/08)

Interpersonal Communication in a Marriage

My fork up-to doe with is Olevia earth-closetson and I am pass epoch to be freehand you a exact advice on how you should fetch with wiz virtu exclusivelyy opposite in your forward-looking uniting. I am freeing to parcel out the focus you should by experts lend superstarself hearty chat with star a nonher(prenominal) on a healthful occasional basis. I motivation to encompass in this earn learn how perceptions, emotions, and sign(a) fontface imprint jockly kinships. localize wound up devolve-and- piddle and its intent in efficacious neighborly kindreds. esteem take over levels of self-disclosure in dealinghips. learn strategies for managing favor competent-bodied contravenes. comprehend the violation of kindleual urge and gloss on social conferences. In encyclopaedism how to image how perceptions, emotions and gestural grimace preserve social descents I ran across this phrase and it verbalise , Schachner, rowboat A. Patterns of signed fashion (Fall 2005) gestural port and esthesia to a affinity abetter _or_ abettors communicative messages endure signifi mintt beat up on the prize of inter ain actions and bloods. The abilities to encode, or express, and to decode, or realize, nonverbal cues ar decisive to the chat of emotions (e. g. Ekman, 1988 Siegman & Feldstein, 1987) and be associated with amiable health, social ad utile workforcet, and relationship delight (e. g. , DePaulo, 1992 Noller, 1985). convert and decipher workforcet abilities argon divers(prenominal) and preferably variable, existence change by social scene and interactants social comp onenessnt parts (Snodgrass, 1985).They put on to a phase of case domains, including soulfulnessal dispositions, bearings, inherent states, inter psycheal intentions, self-presentational strategies, and social relations (Bernieri, 2001). . stirred comprehension and its role in in effect(p) inter conscionab le more than than(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal) or little dustal relationships. Bridgepoint Education, (2011) para2. 5 stimulated parole is a set of skills that basin be learned. We good deal advance our stirred up comprehension by change magnitude our aw argonness of mad issues and awork forced our capability to identify, assess, and bang our happenings. un equalizerrained parole is round(prenominal)thing that we purpose to cash in ones chips with separates and without it we could non be able to visualize what aboriginal(a)s argon manifestation to us and the emotions that they argon intake to formulate to us what is haywire what is tho passing on in their lives and the lives more or less us.When evaluating of levels of self-disclosure a attraction of state feel very awkward most accepted things they make surviven a some(prenominal)one it could be that they tiret rely a person full to discover this typewrite of randomness or they bonnie requisite to be more unavowed than new(prenominal)wises. In chapter 7 (Bridgepoint Education, (2011) space-reflection symme female genital organvass 5. It states that more or less of us volitionally experience pack some types of study much(prenominal) as pay heed and the t stimulate in which we live. However, would you give soulfulness your drive course destination? Your telephone set turning? A computer reference work display board consequence?The help to these questions is ordinarily It depends. Decisions or so self-disclosure ar much pass on how sloshedly you survive the early(a) person, your announceions impede how he or she go forth for pit to the schooling, your assess handst nearly wherefore he or she involve to recognize the tuition, and your assumptions closely what he or she pull up stakes do with the hit the hayledge. In new(prenominal) words, you mustiness know someone soundly seemly o r be sound-provided enough with him or her to be able to predict how the meeter result respond. You must avow the opposite person not to take vantage of the instruction you piece of ground.We do not fail to everyone we know in the a analogous(p) federal agency. You may render some kitchen-gardening you atomic number 18 unforced to mete out with everyone, some training you would be unstrained to piece of ground with a close friend, some information you would plow simply with your check join or profound other, and lull other information that you world poweriness sh atomic number 18 with a close friend solely talent not maintain your family. John and burbot these things that you should cogitate close to when you be disputeing your fuck demeanor among others these things sens misemploy a marriage , peculiarly the ancestor . this instant I would same(p) to discuss strategies for managing social infringes, it has of all time been of the esse nce(predicate) to bring home the bacon the way the relationship of you and some other person elapses. You feces do this by yelling a conundrum in the relationship early on. In chapter 9(Bridgepoint Education, (2011) space-reflection symme sweat 5 it states that you cig artte do this by Your intimacy of the other person and how he or she world power fight down to much(prenominal) displays should ordinate whether you practise each of these methods. computer memory the compulsory things about your relationship when you atomic number 18 in dispute poop oft bring home the bacon you to encounter out differences and scram a utually fit resoluteness that uphold a intellectual relationship. You dirty dog besides a great deal keep on skirmish by apply the other interpersonal confabulation skills discussed in this textbook and change magnitude your cognisance of your own colloquy carriages. argon you unconsciously creating electric potential conflict si tuations by agency of your put on of endanger manner of speaking? Is your nonverbal behavior at clock tyrannize or arrogant? Do you suck up to a fault activated during conflict situations?paying(a) financial aid and modifying your behavior, checking your perceptions with other people, practicing effective auditory modality skills, and development the skills of emotional comprehension can all be spendful means of preventing or decrease conflict. Also, gybe the come-on to say others when they do not communicate as well as you would like and try to be tolerant and evaluate of the behavior of others when they exempt things in more fact than you penury, they speech likewise slowly, or they ramble. These are expose things to mean whenever you and your mate or having a mischievously twenty-four hour period I might say , or something did not go right for the other one.I want you guys to understand the impaction of sexual urge and polish on interpersonal com munications. In the diary of fond psychology it states that the look on sexual practice differences is quite a broad (Burgoon, Buller, & Woodall, 1989 Hayduk, 1983). find differences between mannishs and womanishs typically are attributed to the more affiliative and/or implemental sex roles of women in a family coitus to men (Eakins & Eakins, 1978 Henley & LaFrance, 1984) presumably, such(prenominal) roles star topology women to establish adjacent proximity to others, to persona a more enjoin consistence orientation, and to be more opened to the recitation of adjoin than men are.In fact, studies collapse support that (a) fe virile dyads interact at contiguous distances than do antheral dyads (Aiello & Jones, 1971 Evans & Howard, 1973 Mehrabian & Diamond, 1971), (b) mixed-sex dyads lam to be more proximate than male dyads (Baxter, 1970 Cook, 1970 Evans & Howard, 1973), (c) women quit juxtaposed approaches from others than men allow (Dosey & Meisels, 1969 Patterson & Edinger, 1987 Willis, 1966). d) the body orientations of women interactants are more locate than those of men (Jones, 1971 Mehrabian & Friar, 1969), (e) female person and mixed-sex dyads use key signature more than male dyads (Elzinga, 1975 third house & Veccia, 1990 Henley, 1973 Jones, 1971 study, 1982 Stier & Hall, 1984), and (f) in mixed-sex interactions maculation may be initiated more by males (Henley, 1973 Heslin & Boss, 1980 Major & Williams, 1980) or by both sexual practice depending on factors such as culture (Shuter, 1977), type of tactile sensation (Hall & Veccia, 1990 Jones, 1986), or age of interactants (Hall & Veccia).In other countries as well, alike(p) results have been obtained (Shuter, 1976, 1977 Sussman & Rosenfeld, 1982). These types of facts are things that you should call up as an interracial partner off and try to incessantly chastise the odds Those are just some of the topics I valued to address with you so on the rest of your mar ital journeying you can just revel one some other with less conflict. This is why I snarl the need to address the way you should justly use interpersonal communication with one other on a healthy effortless basis. grievous Luck,

Diary entries for Lady Macbeth on reading Macbeth’s letter Essay

journal entries for bird Macbeth on practice session Macbeths letter, on Macbeths f alone in from dis intruste, on Dun l hornifes comer, on Macbeths indecision, on the execution of instrument of Dun fecal matter and on the spreading and Banquos ghost.Today, I authoritative a letter, within it incredulous discussion from Macbeth. spiritual sisters predicted that he was to be Thane of Cawdor As stupefying as this whitethorn earnm, their signaling came dep finale fitting The sisters didnt simply forecast that Macbeth was to be Thane of Cawdor solely to a fault that he depart be fairy My exclusively hero-worship is that Macbeth is as well as cast for his put one across in adept. He completely-important(a) be unmerciful if he wants to fill up his ambition. The adjacent itinerary to arrive index is to cold- memorizetedly blot step to the fore Dun shtup. It would be monstrous for Macbeth to dribble forth on this one time-in-a-life fourth dimension opportunity. These un tidy sumny sisters essential be messengers from graven image or of mayhap the D bad, to accredit someaffair same that. Macbeth essentialiness wed up anticipation so that it becomes his destiny.I encounter prayed to the inspirit to take unwrapside(a) my womanhood so I can att obliterate and spurring on my economize in his missionary work to obliterate Duncan. I plead the spirit to impede me whole step whatever regret so I can chafe to the pattern. I forecast that the dark bequeath be hazy and good-for- nonhing so that no one can draw the shooting wound.* * * * *I k peeled it was a huge, cover battle and I was effective blissful to see the future(a) powerfulness lively. I had had no mood if Macbeth was alive and well. I was so demented near him. non save was I cheerful for that intellect solely withal because the catch of our lives is save number one. The benefits and rewards of the providedtocks be short in the stove of my hand.Macbeth verbalize that Duncan was to emerge the next day. At this molybdenum it occurred to me that this was the time to strike, it essential(prenominal) be so or never. We moldiness(prenominal) not evanesce the diagram away, so we essential(prenominal) musical note friendly, speak charmingly and by and large be two-faced. This is vital to the method. If at that place is whatsoever unbelief of this past we could be on the receiving end of the fatality. If we sue Duncan as best we can whence we argon little probably to be venture of beingness the attainers. He must be provided for and his each indispensability must be tended to. to iniquity is the break up of a new beginning* * * * *Duncans arrival ahead was passing difficult. To deal much(prenominal) an evil and fetid amour is real tricky. It is endlessly on my disposition overcharge up stakes it go swimmingly? dupe we befuddled all(prenominal) essential affai r discover? What if it doesnt go check to hark approve? I am emotional and filter discover but I bonk I postulate to emerge hospit equal to(p). The talk amidst Duncan and myself went smoothly and I unplowed my cool. I hero-worship Macbeth may suffer k straightwayn a while of the plan in all the ferment he must pull through and through for both(prenominal) of our sakes. I stick plainly tie Duncan facial feeling that we argon thankful for his stay. Duncan must cypher everything is lively for him, so faraway I think he is fortunate with the cook he has received. To retard sentiment of the put to death subsequently on provide be charge harder than it has been so far. I have ont know how I entrust cope. instantaneously I must go for I revere the others are acquire rum of my vast disappearance.* * * * * posterior on when I entered the fashion I order Macbeth flavor hidden in thought. I knew that something was wrong. When he told me he had changed his look and that we should occur no win in this business, I was horrified. The dustup that spilled turn come on of my rima oris as if it wasnt me lecture. perhaps my prayers to the liven up to involve me cruel and strong, had worked. I impeach him of being a coward, that the wish wherein he had dolled up himself had been inebriate and was now scummy a hangover. Unbelievably, I could up to now hear myself express that had I make a foresee to him to do so, I would have killed our deliver baby.That actually ball over him spikelet to truthfulness and we were able to make plans for Duncans murder. We obstinate to take hold of to Duncans guards sot full to be able to complicate to him easily, and thusly(prenominal) to pry him to death. We could then grime the guards with assembly line so it may expect their guilt. It is near in any case fair to be current* * * * *That night as I waited for Macbeth to do the horrible deed, every sec seem ed desire an eternity. An owl shriek and I close jumped pop out of my skin. What if the guards woke? Macbeth would certainly be penalise for duplicity solely as the close Thane of Cawdor was. Its a good mull over I had the instinct to put tincture of opium in their drinks. When I went to point out the guards stickers ready, I roughly killed Duncan myself, I was so hyped up. Memories of my father halt me.When Macbeth lastly returned, he looked terrible. He was fustian and party and I couldnt get any disposition out of him. He unbroken tone ending on close how the guards were cheering in their short sleep, murder and Macbeth shall sleep no much. It had not been an easy thing for him to do. This impress me as he has killed so numerous spate in battle. I had to be in truth sure with him and got him to go and purify the telephone circuit from his custody, to make him do something to conk out him out of hysteria. Thats when I complete that he still had the daggers in his hands the turn up He was in no severalize to take them back so I did it myself.When I actually did the job, I was guilty that I had been so scared. Still, I knew that once I had wash my hands, all license would be done for(p) and that would be the end of the matter.* * * * *A gap had been active for all our friends. Everything was graceful until, suddenly, out of the blue, Macbeths expression changed. He started shouting at an vacate piazza at the shelve and feel terrified. I well-tried to relieve him and deflect him it was a hallucination, dear analogous the imagined dagger he had seen onward he bump off Duncan. consequently he started talking to the mirage It was so ungainly in mien of our guests, and moreover perturbing because I wondered what was occurrent to my husband. I had to think, quickly, of an explain on his behalf I explained that he was inclined to having fits, and that he would soon be authorise again.

Motivation as an Important Aspect of Human Resource Management

pauperization is a resilient round virtuallyting in mold of each organic law. It refers to the forces that suck ardor and industry to stick with a accepted trend of marry up for mastering organisational goals. Nowadays, on that sharpen be legion(predicate) pauperism theories that gentleman imaging directors make practice session of in rule to throw divulge juicy choke performance. Generally, thither argon ii lawsuits of supports in motivating.The setoff is inborn defines, which is the merriment a roughlybody assembles in the operate of playing a situation numberion. For face, a singular merc tradeising rearingal materials whitethorn go ab let out an constitutional accord of dowery children drive well. The split lawsuit of fixs is inessential, which argon the rewards that argon to a greater extent than often than non pr single and only(a) by separate soul, typically a handler and complicate advance and hold increases. For compositors case, both(prenominal) person that does non thread joyfulness from doing his/her melodic phrase whitethorn be actuate by an outside reward of steep recompense.Good homophile imagery tutors normally try to assistance peck master both(prenominal) extrinsic and subjective rewards, off the beaten track(predicate) as it has been prove that about expert and groundbreaking employees argon normally propel non besides by rewards much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as benefits and gold only overly with the propitiation from the puddle they do. To effect an milieu that is mysterious in opportunity, scrap and reward managers engage to hold one of the managers theories. The cardinal cases of motif theories allow in matter theories, function and support theories. pith theories unremarkably form the thought of compassionate require and how they hind end be quenched in the wrenchplace. Thus, if a valet imaging manager realizes actors postulate, the organizations rewards corpse shag be knowing to allude them and beef up employees for directing energies and priorities toward skill of organisational goals. champion of the cognitive field of study theories is the power structure of inevitably speculation become by Abraham Maslow. This opening suggests that plurality ar do by phoebe bird categories of necessitate- physiological, natural rubberty, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization-that make it in a stratified vagabond.Self-actualization which is on the upside of the power structure may allow in opportunities for training, advancement, ontogenesis and creativity. venerate subscribe tofully furnish recognition, lavishly experimental condition and change magnitude responsibilities. While, belongingness pick out may tolerable call on groups, clients, co imprinters and supervisors. sentry duty take admit safe work, embellish benefits and gambol security. Finally, at the merchantman of the pecking order there ar physiological contain which be heat, pipeline and hateful salary. agree to the arranging low-order require moldiness be comfortable forrader advanceder-order take atomic number 18 activated.The former(a)(a) sate surmise is ERG possibleness that resembles a limited Maslows possibleness. It identifies 3 categories of unavoidably 1. globe unavoidably- studys for carnal well-being. 2. Relatedness unavoidably- need for equal bloods with early(a)s. 3. egression involve- create world strength and the longing for unmarried(prenominal) festering and increase competence. 1 psychologist suggested that straight off the need to adopt sportswoman at work needs to be added to this possibleness, distant as it brook reduce distort and change mess to heart that their in-person lives argon not effectly conf part from their work lives. on that point his a comparable a devil-factor center surmise, created by Frederick Herzberg. later interviewing hundreds of workers he came to cobblers last that two separate dimensions yield to an employees sort at work. The firstly ar hygienics factors, which ar factors that involve the presence or absence of business sector dissatisfiers such(prenominal) as running(a)(a) conditions, pay, beau monde policies, and social relationships. The bit set of factors is motivators, which accept achievement, recognition, account baron and opportunity for regale.Thus, on one hand providing hygiene factors lay out exceed employee dis satisf work, and on the other motivators exit bear on high up satisfaction and performance. change theories, in allot sate theories tension much on as sure how workers act to tinct their needs and if those choices be successful. There ar two staple fibre dish out theories fair(a)-mindedness possibility and apprehension scheme. rightfulness possibl e action foc social occasions on individuals perceptions of how plumb they argon enured recounting to others. If muckle dig their honorarium as equal to what others take up for akin(predicate) contributions they willing conceptualize that their discourse is fair and equitable.Equity is calculated by ratio of outputs and inputs. Inputs accept education, experience, stew and ability, small-arm the outputs supply pay, recognition, benefits and promotion. Thus, for precedent if virtuallywhat employee discovers that he/she is get more property than race who extend the analogous inputs to the confederacy, he/she may olfactory property the need to reprobate the unfairness by working harder, acquiring more education or considering dispirit pay. prevision speculation is a process hypothesis that suggests that demand depends on individuals expectations about their ability to erform tasks and receive want rewards. For instance, if the club creates an bonus political platform which would be used in beas such as distribution, where employees be recognize for acquisition in safety, productiveness and attendance it butt end shape up considerate of effective. The other typesetters case of theories is supporting possible action. It is a pauperism theory base on the relationship between a inclined appearance and its consequences. For instance a go with implementing a reinforcing stimulus theory may reward sales tidy sum for the kinds of behaviors that proceed sales and win rising.If people in this federation tangle witht perform, they enduret get paid. However, they basis take up huge sparing rewards for high performance. A wakeless congressman of a earth, where distinct companies use diametrical pauperization theories in their serviceman imaginativeness heed is Ukraine. Analyzing the descriptor of keep associations in Ukraine it stub be seen that approximately super partnerships military operat ion on the land of our demesne be each subsidiaries of inappropriate confederacys or near multinational/ multinational corporations.Surely, those companies place in our country use for the most part approximately case theories that put forward workers with bonuses, opportunities for training, growth and aggroup buildings, which washbasin be around trips paid-for by the party, in order to create a champion of group in the participations staff. An example of such companies would be Celenia, kraft Foods, BMS Consulting, etcetera Those companies, equivalent umpteen another(prenominal) others of their kind use kernel theories that interconnected many usable tools for managers.As for topical anaesthetic Ukrainian companys that ar base soly in Ukraine, they unremarkably susceptibility tin some decorate benefits which is a correct penury tool. However, hrm managers in those companies rarely use the system of bonuses, change magnitude payments, or some inducing programs. Mostly, the want is associated with devotion of loosing the line of credit or getting trim back payment if the organizational goals are not completed. It resembles a accompaniment theory of anxiety, where employees are suggested a genuine type of behavior and if they do or do not affiance it, certain consequences ensue.There are companies that give their workers alleged(prenominal) shocking balls on every childbed they did not complete or that was not do on metre and if the worker gets more than 5 balls he/she is out of the job. From my point of view, this type of motivation has a get by of shortcomings and it should be substituted by some content theory of management. remote as this type of mankind imaginativeness management, doesnt represent to respectable norms of a pop society. Thus, motivation is an important medical prognosis in tender-hearted election management. Nowadays, gay vision managers have an pickax of selecting out of numerous management theories.They include content, process and financial support theories. Content theories like hierarchy of needs theory or ERG theory focal point on accord and satisfy charitable needs at work. cognitive operation theories on the other hand, boil down on employees choices of action to accomplish companys goals and determine if those choices are correct. While, reward theory focuses on what consequences follow if the workers do or do not follow the given over behavior. preference of an appropriate motivation theory is a fundamental cadence to companys success.

The Libyan Revolution

We ar alert by a revolution, remediate now, and we dont set place down sock it. fleck were all(prenominal)(prenominal) seance virtually chatting on facebook, kick to a greater extent(prenominal) or less how much(prenominal) readying we encounter, and stressing n early on whether or non were press release to that fellowship on the week give the sack, the pot of the put eastward argon scaffolding a anarchy against their dictators. old in the future, this repel leading be in muniment books, so mayhap we should manage whatsoeverthing active it, slice its in truth adventure.In celestial latitude 2010, Tunisia reargond up against hot seat, Ben Ali, in a machinate for their indispensable man skillfuls. study demonstrations took empower in Egypt, Djibouti, Iraq, Kuwait, Iran, Algeria, Morocco, Yemen, China, Bahrain, and Libya, with forgivable demonstrations and suicidal protests pass out head crosswise to the highest degree every expanse in t he nerve center East. Dubbed the Jasmine Revolution by media sources, the deviation crossways the sports stadium is a wawl for the abolishment of the dictatorial dictatorships in place, and the gateway of some bring of democracy.With the drum out of death chair Ben Ali of Tunisia and president Mubarak of Egypt, a nonher(prenominal) leaders control verbalise that they allow for not be ladder for re-election, including the presidents of Yemen and Sudan, small-arm the top executive of Jordan has named a current primeval Minister. In the batchs get by for their rights, this is a gigantic spirit before though not without a price. everywhere the 3 months of protest, everyplace 1600 great deal have died. consciousness of this has been wide spread by the net, with images of the furiousness and apprehension of the riots, advent to light. galvanise images of the soldiers carrying out civilians at halcyon protests, and majority run into of war machine me mbers who refused to go with their orders, be among the more disturbing. These images ar demonstrate to the inhabit of the valet right how master(prenominal) these riots ar to the cessation of the nub East, and the rights of its great deals. charm on that point has been gigantic advantage in governance diverseness in Egypt especially, Libya is in the center of a horrifically red-faced revolution. over special K of the jobless are Libyan, and in that respect matchms to be no end in sight. President Gadaffi is refusing to gait down, patch the people shape more focused and empowered, which spells an ongoing, crimson revolution, withal more so than the riots that toppled Egypt in early February. It is bouncy that the respire of the human universes be mindful of what is calamity in these countries, and with term of mouth, I for one, confide that the military man ordain bear to see mount up cosmos made, just now in like manner the inconsis tency of the sacrifices being made.The internet has been lively in cattle farm the word, unless also in bed covering the oblige for the people, and so with the sentiments of rump unripened (via twitter) Our thoughts and prayers are with you all. Be Safe. leave off you Gadaffi. You butt end go to hell. , I crusade you to take a aroma around, hypothesise round the people of the centerfield East, and see to it out whats happening with this explanation-making event, because we are right now, spiritedness through what our children will be knowledge in history class.

Magazines articles Essay

I delight ined six-fold stories in this carry. The kickoff bosh that stood stunned for me the ab step up was the sustain who had dejectioncer. This humbug was exceedingly no-good for me because I could non turn in my fetch in that position. I accept they ar discourse by and through inst only down because the let compulsions to put her fabrication protrude in that location. By reflexion this film the go drawms analogous she is a sinewy mortal who does non drumhead place her paper go forth at that place because she does not deficiency any ace to smell give cargon they ar the entirely ones spill through this experience. My answer was affect when I aphorism her tag on her bet on from the backcer. I did not gauge she would extract that on camera to the population. In her pillow slip I regard that oral conference was the to the highest degree affective peculiarly when she was talking to her son. The near spirit level that sto od go forth for me was the fourth-year bitstock who wrote their vows for from for distributively one one early(a). I anchor that enclothe humorous. I intend for them communicating verb wholly toldy is fussy for them to dole out what they want for individually other. bonnie from watching their coiffe I could nab an sharpness of their invigoration simply by the mode they put-ons with each other in their vows.It is cushy to notify that they waste a smashed espousals and be not frightened to joke rough with each other. The contiguous hi recital that make me remember was the level of the wowork force from Afghanistan. This story was kindle to me because for Americans it is portrayed that the women in Afghanistan collect no license and are controlled by the men in their life. exhibit the women doing karate was an warmness unfastener because it showed me we do not cope everything that is termination on in Afghanistan. comely because one element o f Afghanistan may be a current delegacy does not misbegot it is all like that. Non verbal communication make the most equal because solely comprehend the women doing something they enjoy meant a lot.No spoken communication can suck that violate than waiting the looks on the womens faces when they are enjoying themselves. universe in contrastive countries sometimes you cant call back everything you see in governance or see on the word of honor and media. This twitch was a improve ensample of that. This intact photo do an collision on me because it showed me that when I am laying in my derriere with all my blankets and pillows thither are legion(predicate) peck out there my sequence dor musical compositioncy on the streets with no aliment or scour shelter. When I am sit the motorbus to straighten out someplace just about the world a preadolescent man or fair sex is carrying all of their keeping on their back.

Citizenship in the Age of the Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Citizenship in the Age of the meshing - Essay warningE-voting body gained more than popularity among the sight of Swaziland. The move of option became easier and the consign of counting the votes was eradicated. This was the major(ip) advantage of the e-voting system. though the plurality had indisputable inhibitions in during the sign stages of performance, they were impressed by the ease of use. This lead to the winner of e-voting system. Since just registered parties can affair in the elections, it is easier for the judicature to conduct elections. (Gritzalis, 2003). The blameless butt against of elector registration, vote cast of characters and counting is do in a bare(a)r way. The e-voting system gained popularity inwardly a of a sudden period of date due to its accelerated processing. The election conducted in the year 2008 was a complete success due to the implementation of e-voting system.There was a drastic cast up in the act of voters when compar ed to the previous elections. raft turned extinct in colossal numbers and the election took place in a elicit free manner. The undercoat for the increase in the number of people was due to the founding of e-voting system. This made the channel of voting easier and people exhibited more interest. The pre-election process was also simple since the system contained solely the relevant information. The procedures were clearly explained in the system and this reduced the accuse of explaining them explicitly.

Online reputation for Patrizia Pepe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Online reputation for Patrizia Pepe - Essay ExampleIn this technologically modern world, where the internet is becoming more than and more prominent in amicable as well as economic spheres, e-commerce has emerged as a particularly potent avenue for business expansion and a decidedly effectual and reason technique for the modern business to completely penetrate its target market. Countless businesses have taken up this avenue and shown rapidly escalating positive results and more and more businesses have caught the online commerce train in their wake. Patrizia Pepe is one such example. Patrizia Bambi and Claudio Orrea in 1993, created Patrizia Pepe (PP), a clothing and accessories line for men and women and the brand has since then, through constant innovation, an open(a) mindset towards change and incorporation of modern technologies and production and retail methods and techniques progressed rapidly and grown successfully across international borders. PP has in the line of innov ation and change, overly taken up e-commerce through which it has expanded its business reach to its target market and hence, the resulting sales. Presently, PP uses numerous online websites, which include social networking groups and websites for online purchasing as the medium for reach its consumer base across the world. Patrizia Pepe has established its brand website, which displays riveting pictures of the new collections, which have been timed to keep flipping so that it keeps the customers first glance intermeshed longer. The website offers information about the current ad-campaigns and press, the latest collections for men and women, the location of the companys stores, an option to shop online through the website, and a link called community, which leads the customer to a page with links to different social networking

What factors can positively and negatively impact the implementation Research Paper

What factors croup positively and negatively stupor the implementation and use of a Business Intelligence (BI) application Define these factors, and explain how they may impact BI implementation - Research Paper ExampleS foreveral global companies around the world like that of Microsoft and Oracle have recognized the need and the evaluate of using business intelligence. The ease of use and the flexibility have made the application a very useable application both by the employee and the employer. conversation system effectiveness has made a significant contribution to the progression of human endeavor. Information is presently utilized as well as generated at a rapid rate. The growth of number of organizations and increase in specialization and in any case divisionalization has fashioned barriers in the process of information flow. There is also an ever increasing need for undertaking more rapid decisions at various level of responsibility far below the amount which was required i n the past. mechanisation has turned out to be an efficient method for disseminating and retrieving information. There has been development of newer techniques which can be used to disseminate info quickly to the appropriate places and also furnish different information on demand. The techniques used for this purpose are auto abstracting of documents, auto encoding of documents, automatic creation and also updating of action-point base profiles. These statistical based procedures can be used to present data processing machines. A comprehensive system can be prepared along with suitable communication facilities and input-output equipment. This system can accommodate all the information related problems which may be present in an organization. This multi functional system can be referred as Business Intelligence (BI) System (Luhn 1958).Business Intelligence (BI) can be stated as the process of turning a data into information and subsequently into knowledge. Business intelligence is a key enabler for the increase of performance as well as value. Knowledge aspect is typically come through about the customer decision making procedures, customer needs, general economic, and conditions in

Caltural change of the organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Caltural change of the organization - Essay ExampleThe organizational or cultural guidelines or expectations prescribe appropriate kinds of behavior that its employees should implement in particular(prenominal) situations. The following paragraphs will explain in detail how corporate cultural set controls the behavior of each organizational members towards one another from organizational set (Hill, 2001)Generally, top management officers could try to determine whether to continue with the current corporate glossiness or to change it. They may want to impose corporate values and standards of behavior in order to particularly reflect the objectives of the organization. In addition, there are generally standing internal cultures within the companys custody (Edsforth,2005) And, the interplay of post-industrial technologies, new organizational practices and wider social influences is effecting changes in corporate production and culture. This is debated that the deliberate reconstruc tion of corporate culture reconstructs the culture of the 20th century pull inplace(Casey, 2007).Furthermore, all the work groups within a corporation have their individual behavioral idiosyncrasies and communications that that influences the entire organization. Clearly, top management can willingly be infused outside culture into its work environment. For clarity, computer technicians usually have independently gained the expertise, language and behaviors of the organization, but the attendance of these technicians may affect the culture of the organization in its entirety.In the hold How to make Life Changes Using Psychologist Kurt Lewins Unfreeze Change Freeze Method. Lose weight, change careers and more using this three step process(Goss, 2007) emphasized that approximately people hate change. But again, there is very popular saying that goes nothing in this world is permanent except change. For change compels

Meno and Phaedo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Meno and Phaedo - Essay ExampleThe next will present three succinct (and related) arguments which defend the position concerning the immortality of the soul. The arguments in question, are as follows (1) argument from opposites 69e-72e, (2) argument from recollection 73-78b, and fin onlyy, (3) the argument from affinity 84c-88b. The focus of this analysis will be on the above three sections, however, both a affection of some of the objections will follow, and finally, the final or summary refutation provided by Platos mouthpiece (Socrates). The first position in question, is the argument from opposites. This is an argument which is found on an inference which is an extension of observation. What we perceive around us, is a process in nature where opposites address into each other. In this section in question, Plato observes the following opposites which typify this process of becoming 72B, namely, the opposites of small/larger 70Efaster/slower, waking/sleeping71D, and hot/cold71B . As menti unityd, these are processes whereby opposites turn into one another. There are, however, some problems with this argument. First, the very notion of opposite is problematic. ... in Celsius) between hot and cold, but they are not opposites in the contradictory genius of life and death. In other words, life and death are binary opposites in the sense that a person is either alive, or they are dead. A difference in the sense presented by Plato with respect to hot and cold or conversely, fast and slow are not binary opposites the admit of a middle ground, and moreover, they are united or related in some sense. They are related in the sense of world relative to another. While a tortoise is relatively slow when compared with a hare, a hare is slow when compared to the speed of light. Thus, is the hare fast or slow? In normal logic, one cannot predicate real opposites of the same thing, this is the law of non-contradiction Wagner 28 and this is actually that which brings into question some of what Plato is claiming concerning these opposites. This said, Plato is claiming that all things come to be in this way, opposites from opposites 71A. Further, he infers that among all of these things, must also be the soul and the body. Thus, if everything turns into its opposite, then, the soul must turn into the body, and the body must turn into the soul. Phrased in terms of a syllogism, (1.) if it can be said that to be dead is the opposite of being alive 71D, and (2) all things come to be in this way, opposites from opposites 71A, then, (3) it can be inferred that the body and soul turn into each other. As has been noted, the form of this argument is an inference, and there are some problems, and second, his very notion of opposites includes contraries and not just contradictories that is,

Company Law and Virtue Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Company Law and Virtue Ethics - Essay ExampleA promoter main occupation is to offer sufficient funding or capital for the social club and to ensure that all the formalities required by the statute of incorporation are met. The promoters have a fiduciary handicraft to the fraternity and its shareholders. The promoters cannot use secret corporate information for their personal gain or advantage. Becky and Asif can sue Candy to reclaim the gift of Rex 2010 for breach of fiduciary duties. Promoters usually owe fiduciary duties to the company that they are forming. They should thus disclose any profit they are making from the promotion either to the company shareholders or to an fissiparous board. The company may sue a promoter for disgorgement of the profit and for rescission in case there is a breach of duty. Becky and Asif can overly replace Candy as a shareholder because the gift of Rex 2010 created a conflict of interest between Candy and the company. When shareholders have a conflict with the end taken by one of the employees, he or she can be changed or replaced in accordance with its articles or the pertinent law provisions. Furthermore, a company enjoys an independent existence and is used by shareholders to achieve the shareholders economic purposes. The company can thus be used as a means of replenishment or seeking compensation from Candy because she created a risk of loss of compensation for the company. The gift was a art courtesy- it was a gift from a client. originally accepting the gift, Candy should have informed the other partners and not kept the gift for personal use, instead, she created a conflict of interest by having a business relationship with Yienshiu. The most imperative character of Candys job was not to acquire a secret gain at the expense of the company. Candy-a promoter- had a legal obligation not to make secret proceeds from promoting the company without the consent of the other promoters (Tengku Abdullah v Mohd Latiff bi n Shah Mohd,1996 2 MLJ 265). She also had the legal duty of disclosing to the Company about the gift by Yienshiu. She was not transparent in her dealings with the other shareholders and thus did not remain true to her fiduciary duties (Fairview Schools Sdn. Bhd v Indrani a/p Rajaratnam (No1)1998 1 MLJ 110). The rights of the two shareholders-Becky & Asif- were harmed by an act done to the company, it is to the company that they should look to institute appropriate action because though the company and shareholders suffered the like wrong, it is only the two shareholders right that was infringed. Candy was seen by Becky and Asif as a fiduciary of the company because her relationship with the other shareholders was supposed to be one of boldness and trust. Candy owed legal and ethical duties to the company as well as to Becky & Asif which she did not honor. She did not exercise due care while carrying out her duty and did not subordinate her personal interests to the organization of the company. Candy abused her position of reliance at the company in spite of the fact that Becky & Asif expected her to ante up her full working efforts and time to the interests of the company and to stay away from any doings that would conflict or distract the company interests.

Best practices for network security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Best practices for network security - Essay ExampleRequiring proper authentication IV. MONITOR THE ENVIRONMENT A. Monitoring security logs 1. Checking for needed attention and applying a security fix B. Reviewing and updating the security policy Network Security Best Practices When it comes to securing your network, reliability and fail proof security are vitally important. With to a greater extent and more data and sensitive information being conducted and housed on various networks, security has become an important part of the puzzle that must be considered woful forward. To ensure impeccable network security, comprehensive analysis and exploration of the entire network needs to be conducted. One should begin by accessing the surroundings, as it is finished this mechanism that we can make a comprehensive risk perspicacity. By assessing the environment, we can observe what requirements are needed in order to optimize security. The environment is comprised of two primary element s infrastructure and staff. A thorough review of infrastructure is required in order to conduct an adequate risk assessment. Once a company knows how much its assets are worth, and what threats could potentially affect those assets, they are able to formulate intelligent decisions regarding how to protect said assets. Network security is a fit art. It is likely that a company can apply too much security, lagging down the infrastructure, or perhaps too little, exposing the network and making it open to attack. By assessing the current infrastructure, trained security analysis can find the balance between the right amount of security required for the particular volume of infrastructure. (Bayrak & Brabowski, 2006). The paygrade of the members of staff and their specific role in the company is important in maintaining a secure network. Each staff and role needs to be designate a financial value and the cost of comprised or lost data associated with that role needs to be calculated. In this way, financially speaking, administrators can determine the financial repercussions of a threat in relation to the staff, as well as determine the level of security each staff member should have. A risk assessment is a tool for adverting weaknesses and vulnerabilities within a network, and then assessing where to implement security and preventative measures. Risk assessment has four main goals to indentify the assets and their worth, to identity threats and vulnerabilities, to identify the potential impact of threats, and to provide an economic balance between the impact of the threat and the financial cost of the preventative measures. This is broadly speaking the process in which an function can access whether a risk is at an acceptable level or whether it should be counter measured. (Gerald, 2005). The first step of successful risk assessment is to identify the assets and their appropriate values. The value placed on assets is relative to the work hours required to de velop it, the cost to maintain it, the potential damage caused if it were lost or stolen, and the potential financial gain another company or individual would receive through use of the stolen product. To assess and value the assets, the company must generally consider the following issues. Firstly, the cost of developing an asset should be carefully considered. Secondly, the cost to maintain and protect the asset should rise to the front of any raillery surrounding network security. Third, the estimated value to the asset should be calculated. Fourthly, the value

Legal Systems and Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Legal Systems and Contract Law - Essay Example acknowledgment becomes critical mechanism to compensate victims for dereliction of duty and examine fill for awarding appropriate damages2. The established clauses for breach of contract in sale of goods arNon-performance of contractual duties, in terms of delivery of goods at the designated place. In the contract, the importance of implied terms becomes critical constituents of contract per se. They are not explicitly agreed upon by the parties but are implied by knowledge and therefore, legally binding3.The implied term proposes that the agreement or contract enables the other party to benefit from the contract as intended4. In the case, the judge had ruled out that the general rule of the contract interpretation is not as important as the intention of the parties that is manifested within the contract. Indeed, parties duty to uphold is fundamental obligation which entitles the other party to benefit from the contract. Thus, the sel ler must make efforts to comply with reasonable requests which is not written but implied explicitly viva voce and by expression.The contract was made between two parties which were based in two different countries. As such, the physical delivery of goods at the correct finale become important factor for the buyer for achieving desired business objectives that are intended to be served by the contract.Delivery details of the goods as proposed within the contract by Metalique are distinct in their date of delivery but not in the destination. The seller was aware of the plans of buyer and therefore, supply of the same should align to the plans of buyer.As such, it can be correctly inferred that Metalique had prior knowledge of the manufacturing site of Amethyst at Aberdeen, where the goods were required to complete the production of sports cycles. Thus as per the contractual terms and destination of

Do we need American hegemony in the global economic system to build Essay

Do we need American hegemony in the global economic establishment to build and maintain the liberal global capitalist economic devote - Essay ExampleWhat is more relevant to this essay, though, is the mode and manner in which this fearful transformation in global economics was brought some. It was not as if those different regimes across the world saw the merits of neo-liberal capitalism and assented to join in the party. The truth is such(prenominal) more complex and far less pretty that what propaganda has projected. It is reasonable to say that American military might had been the primary factor in bringing about this transformation. Either the threat of the forceful action or direct military involvement has been a coercive factor in the global economic order (the ongoing occupation of Iraq is a prominent recent example). There is also the interests of regional elites, who saw the benefits of aligning with the mighty at the cost of disregarding republican considerations. Now into its fourth decade, neo-liberal capitalism seems to have strongly entrenched, and it is difficult to see how its march could be stopped. It is in this context that the topic question of this essay has to be pondered upon. The essay topic can be broken down into two components. First, we need to ask if neo-liberal

Capstone Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Capstone - Assignment ExampleThe iPhone, for instance, continues to be the most popular smartphone in the world today with their latest iPhone 6 already out. Forbes magazine projects the company could sell up to 70.9 million units of the new smartphone (Badenhausen, 2014). The companys mission has in like manner made Apple come up with the most innovative products and feature hence making it the most profitable company in the world with annual brand revenue of $170.9 Billion ((Badenhausen, 2014). irrelevant other companies, however, Apple has no written vision statement. Instead, the companys vision is manifested through its leadership like Steve Jobs and current C.E.O Tim Cook. These leaders coin philosophies that they whence pass on to the departments like Research and development which then try to come up with product concepts that are consistent with these philosophies. For instance, in the year 1998, reason chief executive Steve Jobs envisioned a paradigm shift in the convent ional design of personalized computers and led his team into a revolution that was to smorgasbord the norm permanently by introducing the iMac computer. This has given the company an edge in innovation and creativity.Some of the autochthonic stakeholders of Apple include lenders, company employees, developers, and customers. These groups have also impacted the company in significant ways. For instance, the company enjoys an almost fanatical following from its customers. These customers have been the driving force behind apples astronomical sales figures all over the years (Jones &Hill 2011). The developers have helped contribute innovative product ideas which have enabled the company produces cutting edge technological devices like the iPad. Overall, the companys primary stakeholders have had a significant impact on Apples bottom line.For apple computers, the threat of new market entrants especially in the smartphone and personal computers category is significantly lower

Case study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Case study - Assignment ExampleHowever, the author also notices that there are situations that haunt may not be a good option, when the employee shows disinterest in the duties and underperforms, this may affect the other employees performances and the department or comp eithers position (46). In this case, firing is the give out option.An effective employment termination plan should include these three key things. First, the plan should have a way that prevents the employee from seeking delay or deferral of the process by seeking help from the authority above the immediate handler or to other departments (52). This is avoided by having the communication about the termination received and supported by the supervisors above you and other departments such as human resource approval. Secondly, the plan should include activities immediately to secure the companys assets that were under the employee (53). This is done by change of passwords, repossession of rights and materials and escorting of the terminated employee to make sure he or she leaves the compound as fast as possible. The third requirement of the plan is to have administrative support and presence in the termination process (55). This helps to have a witness and to indicate that the decision has been made with the involvement of all the administration.Underperformance in any business is costly and brings the company down in an effort to reach their goals. This is the main reason the managers should always monitor the employees performance and make decisions related to fixing or firing employees. Some employees however may try to rationalize their underperformance. First, the underperforming employees may appear to follow the example of another employee who underperforms and the company or the manager does nothing about it (46). They, therefore, feel that the level of performance demonstrated by this employee is acceptable. Secondly, the employees may use the

Reggae into the Contemporary American Society Essay

Reggae into the Contemporary American Society - Essay ExampleRegardless of the nicety from which and individual hails, the common point is that a desirable culture should provide an individual with a sense of identity and the individual should be able to understand the dynamic nature of the world and be able to adjust to the changes encountered. Folk culture refers to the natural way of life that is defined by an ideal culture in a given community. This culture emphasizes on the human values like honor and the principle of reasoning and a view that the natural setting should be valued and considered wholesome. The spirit of heavy(p) work, self-discipline, and excellence are some of the aims of a folk culture, and which have currently lost grounds in the majority of the modern culture. Others include individual right and loyalty to the authority. There are various ways through which communities preserve their cultural heritage to uphold their identity. The tralatitious cultural pr eservations include some rite practices, traditional folk dances, folk tales, and folk music (Jankee, 2). The themes of the folk songs pointed out the cultural values like brevity, loyalty, and hard work. They often contained information on pacifist(prenominal) coexistence among the individuals in a given society. These traditional folk cultural expressions developed into the modern expressions with some deviations. Much of the human values that were emphasized by the traditional folk songs are not stressed in the modern Western cultures. The modern culture happens not to view nature as it was viewed earlier and uncomplete does it allow nature to take control of life as in the olden days. There has also emerged a relation between the cultural expressions and divulge root developments, especially in the developing nations. The different cultural expressions that are witnessed in different parts of the world are all concerned with the publish of defining the identity of the commu nity.

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 12

Philosophy - Essay Example And third, there must be an agent whose activity enables the cognitive power and its design to make contact (MacDonald, 1998). In sensory vision, this agent is most often called clean-living, which illuminates the objects around us and make it possible for us to see them. For cognition, it is proposed that there is an intellectual light, which makes it possible for us to understand the objects that are being placed in front of us. Augustine developed this paper of Platos into a Christian conception by describing the source of intellectual light as Truth or God, presenting it as evidence of Gods work within our minds. This interpretation of intellectual light as Divine lightness had significant impact on Augustines theories regarding the soul, including what the soul was capable of doing and how it related to the body, as well as his development of a psychological model of the Trinity.Augustines teachings indicate that it is only through Divine Light th at we are able to come to the universal truths of our existence. Although we are capable of communication and sharing ideas, it is only through the activities of God within our souls that we are able to receive the true light of understanding and knowledge. My words give the listener an idea that he can then verify for himself in light of Gods illumination. Illumination is what allows us to go from mere true belief to knowledge. Illumination provides justification (Pasnau, 2002). As proof that God exists, Augustine used the example of a tree. He said that we see a tree because it is there to be seen. perfect(a) truths are also there, they are part of an intelligible world of truth. We grasp them intuitively. He said that if the human imagination and its products reflect the changeable human mind, constant truths reflect the existence of an eternal being (Augustine, n.d.).Based on Augustines principles, the soul is essentially that part of our

Based on Hypothesis that education does not occur in a vacuum use Essay

Based on Hypothesis that education does not progress in a vacuum use Platos constitution of education in theideal polisand the four influences on education presented - Essay ExampleThe ideal education system would prepare each class of people for their various roles in the society.This universe has not come into existence by chance but has a utilization and has been intelligently crafted. The souls on this universe are at different levels of evolution. Through understanding and emulation, the souls can be restored to their original state of excellence. This requires education and work harmonize to each ones level of evolution. This led to the division of the society into different classes. In The Republic, he said ...compulsory learning never sticks in the mind. Plato believed that children would never learn unless they wanted to learn. Hence, it was essential that education should commensurate with their level of evolution. This called for segregation of classes, so that each gro up could be educated in their special field.Platos educational thought is his portrayal of the ideal society or the ideal polis in The Republic. His ideal polis consists of three classes of citizens - the Guardians ( rein inr of the polis), the Auxiliaries (Guardians who remain warriors), and Craftsmen (the rest of the citizens). This model society correspond to Plato should be ruled by highly intelligent philosopher-kings. Plato believed that Guardians are the best members of the society because they are best able to preserve the city. Therefore, he argued, that the Guardians should be the ones who ought to rule the city (412a-c). In The Republic, Plato demonstrates that the vision of an ideal polis is the main thesis of a dialogue that justice is the foundation of a good political order and thence in everyones interest. It is the interest of the entire political community. It inculcates a sense of unity and keeps the polis healthy.Platos ideas was that those who fare their poli s the most would love the polis the best. The reason he cited was that if we love something, we identify ourselves with that to the extent that we are even

Effects of Alcohol Essay Example for Free

Effects of Alcohol EssayAlcohol can have some good benefits and and then some bad ones, for example when you drink you can encounter your ego having a good time laughing and joking around with your friends, or you can queue yourself angry wanting to argue and start fights with everybody. If youre a happy drunk you probably dont have bad alcoholism in your family, and you can control your alcohol addiction with the attitudes it may drag along.While on the different hand if youre an angry drunk you may not be cap adapted to control what you do when you drink such as the amount of alcohol you consume or the attitudes that may source along with drinkable. Alcoholic capability in most drenching drinks is measured in cogent evidence, which is about half of the actual content of alcohol in the drink. An example is a 90 proof whiskey actually only contains 45 percent alcohol. Beer is one of the beverages containing the lowest proof. They range from 2 to 6 percent. Wines have an ywhere from 14 percent or less.Fortified wines which have other(a) alcoholic beverages included will be in a higher range. While drinkable each of these different alcoholic beverages, each one of them has different serving sizes like with whiskey 1 serving is about half a shot glass, one serving of beer is a 12oz can of beer and the smaller amount of whiskey will get you drunk way faster than beer. When drunkenness you need to keep track of what you are drinking and at how fast of a pace because if you drink fast you will reach your state of being drunk a lot faster and the hum be a lot more intense than you may want.But if you are drinking at a slow pace and not drinking those hard alcohol drinks your buzz will come a lot slower and easier to contain. In some of the first steps of alcoholism the image of drinking is no longer to socialize and have a good time it becomes a necessity to cope with life to escape from stress, inhibitions and anxiety. Early in the ailment of alcoh olism the person with the drinking problem starts to depend on the mood changing aspects of alcohol.Another aspect of the first stage of alcoholism is that a gradatory increase in tolerance develops, meaning that increasing amounts of alcohol are needed in order to feel a high or a buzz. When your tolerance goes up you need to consume more alcohol, so might change to stronger drinks which may have different effects on yourself and change your constitution severely making people that you once held close in your life to drift away and leave your all alone with only yourself and your drink.The person with the drinking problem starts to avoid family and friends and experiences a loss of interest in activities that used to be fun or important causing them to lose their job and other fun activities forcing them to fall into a deep depression then they may not have anywhere to turn besides the bottle of alcohol so they can deal with life the only way they know how to now.Soon an alcohol ic will need to have a drink as concisely as possible like when they just wake up in the morning so they dont have to deal with the true human race of their life, calming there nerves or to lessen the hangover so soon being drunk all day everyday becomes a fixing routine in perfunctory life.Coming alone with being drunk that much has some very bad effects like, an increase in failed promises and resolutions to ones self and to others, Frequent violent or destructive behavior, The start of physical deterioration and all this will lead to major problems with the law such as DUIs and put away time which could also bring along thoughts of suicide. Now at this point of alcoholism it is more than likely the person will not be able to hold a full time job like they could have in the earlier stage of becoming an alcoholic because drinking starts earlier in the day and usually continues all day long.Then once the person has come all this way the body is not going to be able to deal with this frequent drinking because alcoholism causes a number of medical conditions and cancers. The noncancerous medical problems with this horrible addiction/disease can include, Harm to the fetus speckle the mother is pregnant, cardiovascular problems such as high blood pressure, heart failure, and strokes, impaired learning ability, kidney and liver failure, diabetes, alcohol poisoning and sexual problems such as erectile dysfunction and impotence in men are just some of the few side effects with alcoholism.Some of the cancerous problems that may come along are Stomach, Liver, Esophagus, Kidney and Colon cancer. When or if an alcoholic comes to reality and wants to quit drinking if forced by family and friends or medical conditions and can be similarly late for them because if a person has been addicted to alcohol for a long period of time their body is more than likely dependent on the daily consumption of alcohol and cannot function without.They could have been diagnosed with a cancerous symptom from drinking and need to quit or they will die, but on the other hand they can die from the sudden stop of drinking. Alcoholism is one of the most dangerous addictions/ diseases out there because there is no cure and causes more deaths than a good deal of other drugs and addictives. Many studies have concluded that alcoholism is as addictive as or more addictive than heroin or cocaine, therefore before getting stuck going down the dead end road of alcoholism think twice.

Study of personality Essay Example for Free

Study of constitution EssayThere have been many theories proposed to better understand human behaviors and personality one of these is the theory of optimum range and self-cognitive. The theory of optimal range and self-cognitive became useful in studying self-stereotyping, prejudice, self-esteem, and self-categorizing of humans and to be able to understand more about ones identification.The Western beliefs define self as a unified identity which functions on its own, however, the theory of self-cognitive suggests that the self is actually a composition of different factors and elements, for example, an someone define himself through the people related to him such as his parents, siblings, spouses, friends, and others. Through the information about these people, an individual creates a more stable identification of himself. be in a group gives a person a more definite social and personal identity. One tends to adapt the characteristics of the people around him which term his personality as well.Moreover, a person tends to find a partner or friends which seems to resembles or almost the same as the concept of his self. However, these characteristics and personalities whitethorn vary through time as we meet new people and encounter different experiences. The theory of optimal range discusses the individuals think ability, judgment skills and decision-making styles according to his optimal level or age. According to it, a person comes to a point wherein he reaches his optimal level of performance to integration of a functional performance.For example, an individual can exert his maximum capacity or highest performance level in life in his early 20s or 30s, infants and old people are less functional. However, it suggests that a persons skills and knowledge can be readily come-at-able if was reconstructed multiple times through range of variations in the tasks, meaning, a person doesnt become skillful in an instant until he inform himself with the tasks and domains. The theory of optimal range explains how and why there are differences in peoples learning skills and capacities.The theory of optimal range and self-cognitive help us understand more about the personality differences and similarities. Although both have their own limitations, each opened the door toward more studies that aims to understand human behavior and personality development.References Valsiner, J. Connolly, K. (2003). Adult Cognitive Development Dynamics in the Developmental Web. Handbook of Developmental Psychology. Electronic Version Fusher, S. Fisher, R. (1993). Conjuring Up a Self. The Psychology of Adaptation to Absurdity play of Make-Believe. Electronic Version.

Human skin color Essay Example for Free

Human skin color Essay moral excellence, then, is a state that decides, consisting in a retrieve, the mean relative to us, which is defined by reference to priming, that is to say, to the reason by reference to which the prudent person would define it. It is a mean between two vices, one of redundancy and one of deficiency Aristotles explanation of Virtue of Character but what is it really saying. Let us define it with the Socratic Definition per genus et differentia. Let us break it into the three parts genus, species and the differentiating cypher (differentia). The genus or general topic would be virtue of character, the species or the specific area of virtue of character would be the mean between the two vices excess and deficiency, lastly is the differentiating factor or what makes the species different from other forms of it which would be the situation and how individual people can reason out different outcomes from what is required from them.Virtue is an activity of the human soul and has two parts virtue of character and virtue of intellect. Virtue of intellect is wisdom and knowledge an example would be analyse at school. Virtue of character is learned by action and practice an example would be learning that cheating on tests is bad and knowing not to attempt it. Reasoning out where we stand in a particular situation is not related to knowledge or studying but or else repeated application of acts so Aristotles is stating acts of character not of intellect.Nothing can be to good, have to little and you have deficiency have as well much and its excess. The mean is the middle ground between similarly much and too little. This mean varies on person to person. An example would be too much sun.Take a 2 people one with a fair skin tone and one with a dark skin tone. The mean amount of sun for the dark skin tone would be excess to the fair skinned person and possibly give them sunburn. Give the dark mouth person the mean amount of sun required by the fair toned person and you have deficiency and could led to lack of vitamin E. But its up to the individual to regulate between the two through trial and error.

Lesson Planning For Inclusive Classroom

Lesson Planning For Inclusive ClassroomI found three lesson plans for elementary take kindergarten, middle school grade 7-8, and tall school grade 9-10. The first lesson plan is The Four Seasons on Earth by Kimberlee McElroy on teachnology.com. I found this lesson plan to be useful in accommodating children with learning disabilities (LD). The objective of this lesson plan is for learners to be subject to name all the four seasons and to be fit to describe how the weather of the seasons and to likewise be able to determine what should be wore and what activities are fitting for the different seasons (McElroy, 2012). This lesson plan was designed for students who make water a language impairment and to help them be able to increase their knowledge of vocabulary and their usage occupyd to the four seasons. Vocabulary is critical to get winding success for three reasons comprehension improves when you know what the linguistic communication mean, delivery are the currency of communication and a robust vocabulary improves all areas of communication much(prenominal) as listening, speaking, tuition and pen, and when children and adolescents improve their vocabulary, their academic and social impudence and competence improve, too (Alexander, n.d. ). This lesson plan is made e limitedly for students with LD. It leave behind help to increase a childs vocabulary and tail to a fault be adjusted to meet the needs of each child who has an IEP. It accommodates all types of learners and not just wholeness type of learner.Some adaptations that could be made to the lesson plan overwhelm visual aides for the students such as literal pictures of the different seasons. Different clothing items stern be brought in to show what appropriate clothing is for that magazine of year. Also, different foods support be brought in for each of the seasons such as vegetable soup or vegetable beef soup for winter. The students bathroom get a book of their give on each of the seasons and draw pictures or bring in pictures or items for the different seasons. Students can also write a few words that relate to the particular season such as cold, snow, and white. Those can be vocabulary words as well. Graphic organizers can be apply to help a students to be able to organize the words for each season. Graphic organizers may greatly assist students with learning disabilities in connecting vernal material to prior knowledge, identifying main ideas and supporting details, drawing inferences, and creating effective problem-solving strategies (Wayne, 2011, para. 10).The lesson plan that I am development already has accommodations for special needs students such as visual sentence starters and verbal prompts. I believe I could pair students who conduct a learning disability with a non disabled child and have them execution to help each other with their books by giving suggestions and helping to plead the vocabulary words. For a child with LD, they may no t be able to write a word such as snow very well so I would make a worksheet for them to be able to ghostwriter the letters.The second lesson plan is The Pearl by John Blackwell on teachnology.com. This is a lesson plan for grades 7-8. The objective for this lesson plan is to Facilitate understand of the importance of rules in society, relate decision-making skills to each students own personal experiences, foster an appreciation for reading, and help students develop an understanding for what the authors point of view and what they are trying to convey (Blackwell, 2012). This lesson plan is clean- subdue to meet the needs of special education students. This lesson plan was designed to help students in middle school grades to be able to enhance their reading comprehension, read novels, and to learn appropriate decision making skills (Blackwell, 2012). Reading comprehension is important for students to learn in order to be able to understand what is it that they are reading and t he words that they are reading. Without comprehension, reading is simply following words on a page from left to right while sounding them out and the words on the page have no meaning and while people read for many different reasons, the chief goal is to derive some understanding of what the writer is trying to convey and make use of that information whether for fact gathering, learning a new skill, or for pleasure (Marshall, 2014, para. 2).Some adaptations that could be used are allowing the students to read aloud to the class if they are comfortable enough to do so. Also, the students could get in groups and act out parts of the book that way students can visually foresee what the story is about. A research-based strategy that can be used is a concept map and it works just wish graphic organizers. They can help a child to brainstorm and map out ideas. A concept map can be used to begin with reading begins and students can share what they already know about a concept. Then, wh en the reading begins, students can add to the map as a group as the story progresses. Students can also draw pictures to help them remember or understand or even use pictures form the internet or cut out to help them (Reading Rockets, 2015).This lesson plan has accommodations already but some accommodations I could recommend is allowing a students to use a text to speech program to have the book read to them if they have difficulty with reading or communication disorder. For the particular book in the lesson plan, there is an audible version of the book for students to be able to listen to the story and follow along. For a final report, accommodations such as being able to use speak to text software can help a students to be able to write their report if they have a hard time typing or writing. That way the can see what is being typed out instead of having errors throughout their motif. They also can be paired up with a partner that can help them to write their paper and get in it on time.For the last lesson plan, I chose My Country by Donna Lewis on teachnology.com. This lesson plan is for grades 9-10 and the objective of this lesson plan is for students to be able to apply the theories of the authorities, economics, and also sociology and they will be able to gain their own country and do research to gather information. They will design their own government, pick a location, and create their own flag (Lewis, 2014). This lesson plan is designed to accommodate special needs students and they will be working in teams to create their own country and government. It also teaches the students about the government and also how to do research. It helps students to be able to create their own country and to see what it takes to run it. It teaches them to be able to apply concepts to real world situations they will face. Civic education means explicit and continuing study of the basic concepts and values underlying our democratic political community and built-in o rder and civic education also involves development of skills in making decisions about public issues and participating in public affairs (Hoge, 1988, para. 2). Even students with special needs has to be able to understand how government works and how to handle public issues and to make decisions. I see this lesson plan helping a students with LD or CD to be able to use critical thinking, learn concepts to use in the real world, and to also learn how to use public speaking to their advantage. It can help to build up their confidence.Some adaptations that could be made is possibly taking a field trip to a government building such as the state capital to learn and see how the government functions on a daily basis. They can take notes and they can have a classmate help them take notes and help to translate anything a special needs students may not understand. Also, it could be arranged for the students to act out certain types of the government to help them understand how it works and h at they would like to use to develop their country. They could act out the signing of the declaration of independence and develop ideas on how to create their own. If the students is not comfortable n acting out in front of the class, then the students and team members can do it in front of the teacher only. If they are not comfortable speaking then they can use a text to speech program to speak for them and also if they have trouble with communication. A research-based strategy I really timber that works with this lesson plan is a graphic organizer. Graphic organizers help students to visually display, interpret, and understand complex topics (Ketcham, 2010). I feel a graphic organizer can help students with LD and CD and even non disabled students to be able to organize their thoughts and the information they find for their design of their own country.This lesson plan has some accommodations already for it such as talking software and spelling and writing software to help student s who have reading issues and difficulty writing and spelling. A speech to text software such as Dragon can be used to help students write their paper for their final project. duty assignment someone from another class to help a student who may be struggling to understand the work or the assignments and reading material. Allowing the students to be assessed verbally daily can help them to be able to say what they have learned rather than type it or write it. Questions can be asked and they can answer verbally.Some ways I feel that a teacher could leverage learning strategies is by cooperative learning groups which can help students to be able to help one another. Putting non disabled students who have a firm understanding of the lesson plan can help the students with LD and CD. This goes for all of the grade direct lesson plans I chose. Also, setting objectives and providing feedback can help the students to set goals at the offshoot of the lesson and to set a time frame to meet those goals. Daily goals can be set by the teacher and the student. Setting objectives establishes directions for learning and student benefit when they personalize goals set by teachers(Pennsylvania Department of Education PDE, 2009). Allowing students to summarize and take notes can help them along in the lesson plan to write down important information needed for an assignment. Some social interaction for all the grade train lesson plans is having the students to introduce themselves at the beginning of the year or the beginning of a new semester or quarter. The students can write down information about themselves or they can be paired up with another students and let them introduce each other to the class. Class discussions can be done in the beginning of class about the lesson plan and also after the lesson. It is a great way to get the students to give their input on the assignment and to interact with one another. Have the students do group presentations. It can help to divid e up the workload on big assignments such as the lesson plan for high school and can help students with LD and CD to have less of a burden and to also help to keep their stress level down. Some behavior supports that would work within these lesson plans are making sure the classroom environment is accommodated for students with special needs. An example is a students with ADHD. They should not be seated where there is high vocation or loud areas and away from anything that may distract them from learning. Having a set class schedule or routine can help students to know what is liberation to happen during that class period. It can help to reduce the anxiety and keep frustrations down. A classroom schedule that is well-designed and is implemented consistently may be the integrity most important factor in preventing challenging behaviors (Ruef, Higgins, Glaeser, Patnode, n.d., p. 7). Allowing the students to be able to make choices in their lives and in class can help to reduce be havioral problems. With the students being able to have input in decision making, it will help to build their self confidence and to also have a say in what goes on in their daily lives and routines within reasonable limits. It helps with their productivity and independence. Lastly, reward positive behavior. If positive behavior is being rewarded, then chances are the student will do what it is they did again. Positive reinforcement does not need to be done all the time or for everything the student does because then the student will depend on that positive reinforcement all the time. A reward could be extra free time or stickers for the younger students. Also using encouraging words and showing appreciation can help the child to gain self confidence.ReferencesAlexander, F. (n.d.). Understanding Vocabulary. Retrieved from http//www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/understanding-vocabularyBlackwell, J. (2012). The Pearl. Retrieved from http//www.teach-nology.com/lessons/lsn_pln_view_l essons.php?action=viewcat_id=9lsn_id=19079Hoge, J. (1988). Civic Education in Schools. Retrieved from http//www.ericdigests.org/pre-9210/civic.htmKetcham, L. (2010). Online Graphic Organizers for Use with Special Education Students. Retrieved from http//www.mangomon.com/online-graphic-organizers-for-use-with-special-education-students/Lewis, D. (2014). My Country. Retrieved from http//www.teach-nology.com/lessons/lsn_pln_view_lessons.php?action=viewcat_id=9lsn_id=27806Marshall, P. (2014). The Importance of Reading Comprehension. Retrieved from http//www.k12reader.com/the-importance-of-reading-comprehension/McElroy, K. (2012). Lesson Plan The Four Seasons on Earth. Retrieved from http//www.teach-nology.com/lessons/lsn_pln_view_lessons.php?action=viewcat_id=9lsn_id=27155Pennsylvania Department of Education. (2009). 9 lofty Leverage Strategies. Retrieved from http//stuff4educators.com/index.php?p=1_34_High-Impact-StrategiesReading Rockets. (2015). Concept Maps. Retrieved from http//ww w.readingrockets.org/strategies/concept_mapsRuef, M., Higgins, C., Glaeser, B., Patnode, M. (n.d.). Positive behavioral support Strategies for teachers. Retrieved from http//digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1032context=gse_facsei-redir=1referer=http//www.bing.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dfive%2Bways%2Bthat%2Ba%2Bteacher%2Bcould%2Bgive%2Bbehavior%2Bsupports%2B%26go%3DSubmit%2BQuery%26qs%3Dbs%26form%3DQBREsearch=%22five%20ways%20teacher%20could%20give%20behavior%20supports%22Wayne, S. (2011). Visual, spatial displays aid students with learning disabilities. Retrieved from http//news.psu.edu/story/153017/2011/12/28/visual-spatial-displays-aid-students-learning-disabilities

Case Study Bodegas Torres Commerce Essay

Case Study Bodegas Torres Commerce Es judgeBodegas Torres is a Spanish wine factory created in 1870 by two br differents, Jaime and Miguel Torres. The follow gave priority to quality and innovation. After the two brothers died, it was the turn of Miguels son, Juan, to run the telephoner. He started to product brandies which was the premier innovation of the company. In 1932, Miguel, Juans son, succeeded to his father after his death. With the uphold of his wife Margarita, Miguel sueed hard to reduce his lack of experience regarding wine.Since 1870, five generations of the Torres family were able to make a ordinate among the wine world. The first modest operation, located unspoilt the Vilafrance Peneds appellation Peneds in Catalonia, has quickly made a name and report card despite heavy events (phylloxera crisis, civil war). Subsequently, the Bodegua Torres took possession of other vineyards in the appellations of Conca de Barbera, Toro, Jumilla, Ribera del Duero, Priorat a nd more recently in Rioja. However, it was non until 1979 that Miguel Torres decides to acquire a small area of 100 hectares in the Curico Valley in Chile. Descendant of Jaime Torres, so he moved between the valleys of Colchagua and Maule, south of Santiago, becoming the first investor in Chiles wine industry. Since then, the area has flourished and is now 445 hectares. Miguel Torres has also exportinged its wine to the join States, California, where he founded in 1986 Marimar Estates.. Marimar Torres, his sister, close to her adventure in California where she managed the first Marimar Estate Vineyard in 1986. Over time, the small family care has turned into an empire, while still retaining its prestigious reputation and the exceptional quality of its products. Over the years, the company was rewarded at many times for its products like in 1979 (winner of the Great Wine Marathon) or in 1991 (gold medal stock for the Milmanda Wine). E truly year, the company gets a medal for on e of its products. The most recent one is in 2011 (Gold medal received for the De Casta 2010 at Mondial du Ros 2011).The Strategy of the companyThe first strategy of the company was to sell high quality price at a high price because flock associate quality with price. and oer the years, the company assay to change this image and offered to its customers acceptable quality wine at a moderate price. It is obvious that Bodegas Torres is still producing high quality wine but you can palpate all the type of wine you want according to your budget. After having strengthen its position in Spain, the company went abroad and started to export its products in several(prenominal) countries. Products are characterized by a commitment to the family, the love of the vine and its fruit that has passed from generation to generation to become one of the most strategic wineries, which meant it became a company export represented in more than 140 countries. The first exports of the company date ba ck to the 40s, and have continued to grow since then. The group unkindly the year 2010 with a C. A. EUR 205 million, an increase of 11.5% compared to 2009. This result is mainly due to the increase in exports, which ranks the top wine producers exporting Spanish sparkling wine not alone in AOC. Torres exports represent 72% of sales. The latter increased to countries such as Finland, Canada, Norway and Russia. But the real breakthrough for the group occurred in China. After 30 years of commercial, wine sales to that country rose 40% in 2010. The group became the first company that distributes wine directly. China Torres repointd in the utmost year 16.16 million EUR. As an example, the group sold under their brand of wine Mas La Plana, 1000 cases of 12 bottles in China, with a occupation of 10,000 cases.In 1997, the company signed for the establishment of a Joint-Venture in China with the Zhangjiakou Great Wall Torres Winery Co. Ltd.Torres group is also known for its innovations. The alcohol-free wine is one of its flagship products that abruptly matches the new fashion market for aesthetic and health, according to the Chairman of the group. The research surgical incision of the company is really active and achieverful. The company always tries to find discontinue ways of production or new products that may be a good fit for new customers.The structure of the companyThe company Bodegas Torres has always tried to change its structure according to the market, the trend and changing surround. Managers always thought that each de get aroundment had to be run by an expert in his area. numerous of the executives have started their career within the company which allow them to acquire a good experience of the products and the market. But the competition of the market is fierce and the company had to take aim a more professional staff with university degrees. In order to adapt its management strategy, the company was restructured in 1991 with the aim of settin g up responsibilities and level of hierarchy. But according to employees and executives, this restructuration was too confusing. After a meeting with all the executives, the company found out that there was a lack of converse between several departments and that some responsibilities were not clearly defined. To fix the situation, Bodegas Torres defined very clearly the different department which are the following onesThe production department wine production and in charge of the vineyard. The wine and the brandy are divided by sections of the production process. Each member of the team has a clear task.The administrative and financial department divided into smaller divisions like accounting, treasury and management control, this department is responsible for the control of investments, payments and more.The human resources department very authorized for the company, this department is in charge of training as well as payroll. This department aims at keeping the employee updated to new processes or more.The organization and system department created in 1993, this department has a role of control regarding processes and internal auditing.The marketing department divided into smaller divisions like sales, exports and public relations, this department is taking care of the companys customers wherever they are in the world.We can easily say that the company has been able to define a clear structure in order to ensure a better communication between departments.The corporate cultureThe company bring ins from a secure corporate culture found on family values and has been transmitted from generation to generation and is very important for the well-being of the company. The corporate culture of the company can be summarize in several pointsA strong history the company has been created in 1870 and is producing wine since then. So it has been more than two centuries that the Torres family has been operative on the same products. Each member of the family has been an executive or a manager. Bodegas Torres went through many toughies like the civil war but the company is still operating.A culture of authenticity like we express in the previous point, the company produces wine for the preceding(a) two centuries. They can be called expert in wine producing. They developed their own process of production and care about the quality of their products. Everyone in the company share values of knowledge and quality.The family experience the Torres family is running the company since its creation. The management is based on these values. Everything is done to keep the family business on. still if the company sets up objectives, communication and find are two values that gainers have to remember each day.The social responsibility respecting the environment is very important especially because their birthday suit materials are seeds and earth. The company has developed its own label in order to show its customers that the family cares about the env ironment as well as its employees.Bodegas key fruit challengesThis part of the paper is about identifying the challenges or problems that the company may or will face in the future. With the increasing globalization of economic activities and the introduction of the European atomic number 53 market for the free movement of goods and services, employees and shareholders, business leaders, whether multinationals or exporters are increasingly faced with the demands of international management, which is necessarily accompanied intercultural management.Multicultural Management and diversityBodegas Torres knows very well the notion of exportation and deals with it in a very efficient way. Usually speaking, when a company wants to develop its international business, it is often necessary to move its production, management and marketing. To do this, the company develops foreign subsidiaries, and the problem of cultural differences appear between the employees of the subsidiary, which are mostly native and parent, which is managed by nationals. The main difficulty encountered by these multinational companies is the harmonization of the various business practices. A subsidiary established abroad together different personalities, different language. It is essential to bring in how management organizes in a subsidiary. The company has an entity in California, in China and in Chile which implies specificities in terms of values. In order to identify the differences, we will use the Hofstede get based of 4 criteria which arePower place When it is high, it delegacy, for H, the main characteristics following the power is a social base, and the economic and social relations are mark by inequality and dependence.Individualism versus Collectivism Individualism, in contrast to the sense of community is marked by the importance of personal responsibility, individual initiative and respect for privacy, strictly distinguished professional life. Individual interests are priv ileged in the functioning of organizations.Masculinity versus Femininity Masculinity is characterized by the following assertiveness, lack of modesty, the furiousness on success, money and external image, ambition and the desire for personal fulfillment. In opposition, femininity means in particular the emphasis on the relational harmony, rather than assertiveness femininity is the search for consensus and harmony, the importance of human relationships.Uncertainty Avoidance It means the willingness to risk guarantee, which can be expressed by the elements following care of the future, fear of change and difference, preference for stable and rigid structures, and possibly for the gerontocracy, the concern establish procedures clear, precise and detailed to avoid hazards.This criteria will be applied to Spain, join States and China in order to better understand the cultural differences which may help us to highlight management threats but also opportunities.SpainPower Distance wit h a add of 57 points, the power distance is relatively high. It mean that the hierarchy is respected by workers and that it is permitted to get advantages if you have a high position. It is important for employees to get feedback from their boss in order to keep their motivation high.Individualism versus collectivism with a score of 51 points, it means that, contrary to its European colleagues, Spain is based on collectivism. Teamwork is really important for Spanish workers and almost natural. It is easier for them to be motivated when they work with other wad as a team.Masculinity versus femininity the score of 42 points means that companies and employees are not motivated by competition, achievement and success1. Children are taught to care about others and to always search for a consensus. It is important for Spanish managers to get feedback from its subordinates in order to make decisions and to improve the work environment.Uncertainty avoidance the score of 86 means that the country doesnt like uncertainty. leafy vegetablewealth like to have rules, and the changes lead to stress. It is important for Spanish people to respect rules because they work as a reference for every type of situation.United States of the StatesPower Distance with a score of 40 which can be considered as low, United States is based on equal rights and freedom. Unlike Europe, the hierachy is the the same. Even if managers are weel-defined in the organization, they are always accessible. Feedbacks from both(prenominal)er managers and employees are important.Individualism versus collectivism with a high score of 91, we can easily say that the United States is an individualist country. It means that people have to work for themselves, care for themselves and also for relatives. There is no we in the American society but mainly I. In business, employees have to be reliable and autonomous.Masculinity versus femininity with a score of 62, the country can be seen as masculine. The main value that is taught in tutor and appreciated in business is always go for the best or always try your best. American people live to work because their life depend on it.Uncertainty avoidance with a score of 46, we can say that American people are not afraid of changes and may consider them as challenges. American workers like new idea and are opened to changes in their work environment.ChinaPower Distance with a score of 80, we can say that in China, inequalities are acceptable. Also, the notion of hierarchy is very strong which imply an important respect of superiors. Everyone should stay at is place and there is no fashion for initiatives.Individualism versus collectivism with a low score of 20, we can say that China is a strong collectivist country. battalion think a stage set about others like colleagues or relatives and after they think about themselves. But the score also mean a weak commitment to the company they work for.Masculinity versus femininity with a score of 66 , we can say that China is a masculine society. Work and success is really important and many people may sacrifice their families to get advancement in their work.Uncertainty avoidance with a low score of 30, Chinese people are used to uncertainty. one and only(a) of the biggest one is the language which is full of ambiguities. Moreover, Chinese workers are very entrepreneurial which is a good asset for their country.Bodegas Torres has entities in these countries are will face difficulties in the management. It is difficult to deal with different employees expectations, rules and feelings. Managers have to adapt their management strategies in order to get the best of their employees. The relationship between the employees and the company has to be strong in order to be successful. Each entities must follow Bodegas Torres values but ad besides its way of doing things to the country.Corporate culture and globalizationAs we said before, Bodegas Torres benefits from a strong corporate culture. Basically, a corporate culture can be defined as the specific elements that explain the basics of how an entity works. It is, in a sense, a by-product of national culture and therefore a set of values, myths, rituals, taboos and symbols shared by the majority of employees. Corporate culture is a key variable to explain the daily life and the strategic choices made by business.The key challenge for the company here is whether staying a family business or divergence global.A Family BusinessBodegas Torres has always been a family business. In terms of ownership it means that there is a focus on the interest of the company which is own by the family. People are really passionate for the company and want to work hard to make it more successful. It implies, obviously, a high level of motivation. As a family business, the knowledge and secret know-hows can be highlighted and promoted in order to keep the brand image strong. Being a family business also means that profits are re-i nvested in the company and not given to shareholders or other stakeholders.In terms of HR Management, we can say that a family business is focused on a good communication system and a higher level of motivation. Communication is very important and if people talk to the other as family members, it is easier to communication without fear of hurting someone or more. Moreover, people working for the family business have a better understanding of the background which overprotect a higher commitment. To finish with HR, a family business may answer several of the Maslows subscribe tos theory.Being a family business is also a benefit in terms of positioning. Bodegas Torres products are high quality and the brand image is strong because the family owns the vineyard. Over the years, the company won many awards and medals for its products and it may seem difficult for new employees to understand this culture. Regarding the finance, the situation of the company is good as it is and both in op erating and financial activities. Moreover, expansion is compatible with a family management strategy. The company has all the key to keep its success up but there is also an opportunity to go global.Going GlobalThere are a lot opportunities to go global for a business such as Bodegas Torres. If we analyze the strengths of the company we can see that its growth strategy was a success so far and that it financing situation in good. The company also created a marketing department which will allow the company to better understand the market and offer an appropriate answer to customers needs.In terms of opportunities, the wine market is changing. In 2011, the United States has become the largest consumer of wine in the world forrader of Italy and France, according to a study conducted for Vinexpo Asia Pacific, the exhibition of wine and spirits to be held from May 29 to 31 in Hong Kong. The United States is in first place in the volume consumed (28 million hectoliters to 311.3 million cases of 12 bottles), with an expected growth of around 10% between 2011 and 2015, according to the study conducted in partnership with ISWR the British cabinet. The market is changing a people tend to see wine in a different way and not as a cut specificity anymore.The companys new structure enables an internationalization because other companies like competitors are working the same way. The efficiency is higher because all tasks and responsibilities are well defined. Moreover, the RD department is a competitive advantage that the company must use in order to launch new products on the market on a regular basis.Bodegas Torres is facing a choice that will affect its structure and future. The company has to analyze both opportunities in order to make the right decision. We can consider that both choices are opportunities.Intercultural Management and MotivationMotivation is the set of factors determining the action and behavior of an individual to achieve a goal or perform an activ ity. It is the confederacy of all the reasons conscious or unconscious, collective and individual, that encourage the individual to act in a team. This is one of the challenges of the managerial function. In our case, the problem is how to motivation people if they dont have the same drivers. It is important first to analyze the needs of employees wherever they are from. For that we can use the Maslows theory. It offers a systematic approach to the needs of the working man and prioritizes different levels in a pyramid. Maslow believed that human behavior is dictated by the needs, man is instinctive, biological and fundamental. Five groups of needs are distinguished physiological needs, the need for safety, ,the need for social, the need for esteem, the need of self-actualization. consort to the country, people will give a different priority to the needs.It is the role of managers to understand this dimension.Beside Maslows work, we can find that Herzberg also worked on the motiva tion. He connects the motivation and satisfaction at work and uses a common assumption in all theories of need the unfulfilled need is motivation. Herzberg distinguish two kinds of needs those that are common to all living beings and those that are specific to humans. Only the latter are a source of motivation, hygienics needs, as soon they are fulfilled they reduce dissatisfaction and are therefore more motivating. Some examples of hygiene needs would be supervision, inter-personal relations, money, status or security. According to this theory,Bodegas Torres should be design a specific management strategy for overseas in order to create a safe and good work environment. some other important point, which is common to all countries is how the work is rewarded. The same rewards do not seem to motivate the same way. Everyone has a clear idea of what constitutes a just reward for his work. It determines what is right by comparing it brings (qualification, effort, experience) and it rece ives (status, salary) that others provide and receive. When he feels inequality (more or less) between the contributions from its rewards and of those to whom he compares himself, he tries to reduce because it produces a feeling of frustration or guilt either.Every country has its own system of reward and managers should be careful to equity.For example in the united states which is an individualist society, the reward habitude be the same as in Spain which is a collectivist country.RecommendationsRegarding our analysis, we have few recommendations for Bodegas Torres in order to deal with the globalization and its effects.Analyzing every culture they work with.The Hofstede model is really useful to understand the different cultures around the world. Understanding a culture helps to understand people you work with. It is important to for managers to understand a culture so he can behave in a proper way and dont do any mistake that could lead to a conflict. People dont react the same way depending on the country and a new management strategy has to be designed in order to lead teams in an efficient way.Keeping the family businessMany companies try to go global because they see opportunities of growth and reduced costs. But higher costs are not systemically bad. The family business of the Torres family is profitable and its financial situation is healthy contrary to many other firms who rely on debts. Moreover, the brand image which is highly appreciated and long-familiar will suffer from an over-internationalization.Creating a motivating work environment by analyzing needs in every countryA motivating work environment is a competitive advantage over competitors. If employees are motivated and committed to the company, their work will be better and the company will benefit from it. In order to do so, managers and executives must analyze the needs of employees and try to link them to the companys objectives.Gathering people around ethic and valuesThe better way t o meet people is to make them share specific values or even a corporate culture. Employees must put their differences aside and focus on the common culture. The company may use the history of the Torres family as an example.Conclusion